【摘要】：當代社會,環(huán)境污染和生態(tài)破壞的現(xiàn)象越來越普遍,對人類的健康、財產(chǎn)等都造成了嚴重損害,阻礙了可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的實施。如何避免環(huán)境破壞,保護公民的合法權(quán)益,已成為法學(xué)界研究的熱點問題,充分實現(xiàn)環(huán)境侵權(quán)的民事救濟,既有利于彌補受害人的損失,也有利于更好地保護環(huán)境。環(huán)境侵權(quán)是一種特殊的民事侵權(quán),不同于普通的民事侵權(quán)。目前我國的環(huán)境侵權(quán)民事救濟制度適用的是補償性賠償原則,以填補受害人損失為主要目的,雖然它能對受害人的健康權(quán)、財產(chǎn)權(quán)的損失起到一定的補償作用,卻無法彌補受害者長期所遭受的痛苦及巨大的訴訟費用等損失,更不利于遏制侵權(quán)行為的繼續(xù)發(fā)生。另一方面,較低的賠償數(shù)額對加害人也不能產(chǎn)生足夠的威懾與遏制作用,無法阻止其繼續(xù)實施污染環(huán)境的行為。 懲罰性賠償制度,是源于英美法系的一項重要的侵權(quán)行為救濟制度,在司法實踐中發(fā)揮著很大作用。該制度已開始對大陸法系國家及我國法學(xué)界產(chǎn)生重要影響。在環(huán)境侵權(quán)中引入懲罰性賠償制度是對現(xiàn)行民事救濟制度的一種有益補充,有利于體現(xiàn)社會公平正義和實質(zhì)公平。因此,在環(huán)境侵權(quán)救濟制度中引入懲罰性賠償顯得尤為重要。本文試圖在現(xiàn)有的環(huán)境侵權(quán)救濟體系中引入懲罰性賠償制度,使補償性賠償與懲罰性賠償并存于民事侵權(quán)救濟制度之內(nèi),希望會對我國的環(huán)境侵權(quán)法制建設(shè)有所裨益。 本文共分四部分。第一部分闡述環(huán)境侵權(quán)的概念和特征,在闡述環(huán)境侵權(quán)歸責(zé)原則的歷史演進的基礎(chǔ)上,指出了我國現(xiàn)行的環(huán)境侵權(quán)民事責(zé)任的歸則原則即無過錯責(zé)任原則。 第二部分是關(guān)于懲罰性賠償制度的基本理論的闡述,分析了懲罰性賠償與補償性賠償?shù)年P(guān)系及懲罰性賠償制度的發(fā)展歷史,突出了懲罰性賠償制度的對民事侵權(quán)受害人的有利保障性。 第三部分深入分析了目前在我國引入懲罰性賠償制度的必要性與可行性條件,為懲罰性賠償制度的適用開辟了理論思路。 第四部分是關(guān)于在我國保障懲罰性賠償制度的運行所需要的相關(guān)制度設(shè)計。
[Abstract]:In contemporary society, the phenomenon of environmental pollution and ecological destruction is becoming more and more common, which causes serious damage to human health and property, and hinders the implementation of sustainable development strategy. How to avoid environmental damage and protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens has become a hot issue in the field of law. The full realization of civil remedies for environmental infringement is not only conducive to making up for the losses of the victims but also conducive to better protection of the environment. Environmental tort is a special civil tort, different from ordinary civil tort. At present, the civil relief system of environmental tort in our country applies the principle of compensatory compensation, whose main purpose is to fill the losses of the victims, although it can compensate for the loss of the victims' right to health and property rights to a certain extent. But it can not make up for the long suffering of the victims and the huge costs of litigation, which is even more unfavorable to curb the continued occurrence of the infringement. On the other hand, the lower amount of compensation can not deter and deter the perpetrators from continuing to pollute the environment. Punitive damages system is an important tort relief system derived from Anglo-American law system, which plays a great role in judicial practice. The system has begun to have an important impact on civil law countries and our legal circles. The introduction of punitive damages in environmental tort is a beneficial supplement to the current civil relief system, which is conducive to the embodiment of social justice and substantive fairness. Therefore, the introduction of punitive damages in the relief system of environmental tort is particularly important. This paper attempts to introduce the punitive damages system into the existing environmental tort relief system, so that compensatory damages and punitive damages coexist in the civil tort relief system, hoping to benefit the legal construction of environmental tort in China. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part describes the concept and characteristics of environmental tort, on the basis of the historical evolution of environmental tort liability principle, points out the current principle of environmental tort civil liability, that is, no-fault liability principle. The second part is about the basic theory of punitive damages system, analyzes the relationship between punitive damages and compensatory damages and the development history of punitive damages system. The system of punitive damages is beneficial to the victims of civil tort. The third part deeply analyzes the necessity and feasibility of introducing punitive damages system in our country at present, and opens up a theoretical train of thought for the application of punitive damages system. The fourth part is about the relevant system design needed to protect the operation of punitive damages system in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D923;D922.68

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