【摘要】：本文以環(huán)境影響評價為研究對象,主要研究我國對環(huán)境影響評價的法律監(jiān)督,也就是在環(huán)境影響評價過程中,對環(huán)境影響評價的各環(huán)節(jié)所進(jìn)行的法律監(jiān)督。旨在通過對環(huán)境影響評價的行政法律監(jiān)督各要素進(jìn)行逐一的分析,對環(huán)境影響評價的公眾參與進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的闡述,對環(huán)境影響評價法律監(jiān)督司法救濟進(jìn)行完整的剖析,找到環(huán)境影響評價過程中真正的法律監(jiān)督漏洞,以期對其進(jìn)行完善。通過與美國環(huán)境影響評價制度的對比分析,總結(jié)我國的立法和實踐,結(jié)合法律監(jiān)督的法學(xué)理論,對環(huán)境影響評價制度的法律監(jiān)督進(jìn)行完整的總結(jié)和分析,最終找出環(huán)境影響評價的法律監(jiān)督漏洞,以期完善。 本文通過五部分來對上述問題進(jìn)行闡述。 第一部分,對環(huán)境影響評價的法律監(jiān)督基本理論做系統(tǒng)的總結(jié)和介紹。關(guān)于法律監(jiān)督理論,我國的法理學(xué)家們各自都有自己的理論,有的類似,有的相差甚遠(yuǎn),因此,在該部分,筆者在眾學(xué)者的研究基礎(chǔ)上,試圖對我國法律監(jiān)督理論進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)地總結(jié)和歸納。一方面為本研究提供系統(tǒng)的理論支撐,另一方面為有興趣研究法律監(jiān)督的同仁們提供有效的學(xué)術(shù)成果。在此基礎(chǔ)上,筆者對我國環(huán)境影響評價法律監(jiān)督的自身特點提出了自己的看法。 第二部分,對我國環(huán)境影響評價法律監(jiān)督的現(xiàn)狀和缺陷進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)和系統(tǒng)的分析。分別從國家法律監(jiān)督層面的環(huán)境影響評價的行政監(jiān)督、社會法律監(jiān)督層面的環(huán)境影響評價的公眾監(jiān)督來分析我國環(huán)境影響評價法律監(jiān)督的現(xiàn)狀及缺陷,由于筆者認(rèn)為司法救濟是我國環(huán)境影響評價法律監(jiān)督的重要保障,因此,筆者在該部分還具體地分析了我國環(huán)境影響評價法律監(jiān)督的司法救濟問題。 第三部分,從比較法上,對環(huán)境影響評價的法律監(jiān)督進(jìn)行比較分析。由于本研究的篇幅有限,筆者的能力有限,因此,本部分僅對中美環(huán)境影響評價的法律監(jiān)督進(jìn)行了比較分析,通過對中美兩國環(huán)境影響報告書(EIS)的比較和環(huán)境影響評價公眾參與的比較,分析兩國環(huán)境影響評價的行政監(jiān)督和公眾監(jiān)督及司法救濟途徑,找出美國環(huán)境影響評價制度中能夠為我國借鑒之處,以及美國環(huán)境影響評價制度的缺陷,并使我國引以為戒。 第四部分,為完善我國環(huán)境影響評價的法律監(jiān)督找出理論支撐。我國環(huán)境影響評價法律監(jiān)督的問題主要暴露在行政監(jiān)督、公眾監(jiān)督和司法救濟方面,因此,本部分主要針對上述三方面,對我國環(huán)境影響評價的法律監(jiān)督之完善尋找合理的理論基礎(chǔ)。通過研究,筆者運用孟德斯鳩的權(quán)力制衡理論、奧爾森等的公共選擇理論來解釋對環(huán)境影響評價行政監(jiān)督的完善問題；運用施米特的憲法學(xué)說理論、羅爾斯的正義論來解釋對環(huán)境影響評價公眾監(jiān)督的完善問題；運用自然體權(quán)利理論、代理論等在環(huán)境法領(lǐng)域所謂的“可期待理論”來解釋對環(huán)境影響評價法律監(jiān)督的司法救濟進(jìn)行完善的問題。 第五部分,結(jié)合第四部分的分析以及第三部分對中美兩國環(huán)境影響評價法律監(jiān)督的比較分析,提出我國環(huán)境影響評價的法律監(jiān)督完善的具體建議。 本文的主要論點是,應(yīng)當(dāng)從行政監(jiān)督、公眾監(jiān)督和司法救濟三方面來完善我國環(huán)境影響評價的法律監(jiān)督,不僅應(yīng)當(dāng)完善未進(jìn)行有效法律監(jiān)督的環(huán)境影響評價環(huán)節(jié)的監(jiān)督,而且還應(yīng)當(dāng)完善對環(huán)境影響評價監(jiān)督者的監(jiān)督,例如建設(shè)項目環(huán)境影響評價審批機關(guān)、規(guī)劃環(huán)境影響評價審查小組以及其中的工作人員的法律監(jiān)督。
[Abstract]:This paper takes the environmental impact assessment as the research object , mainly studies the legal supervision of the environmental impact assessment in our country , namely , the legal supervision of the environmental impact assessment in the process of environmental impact assessment .

In this paper , five parts are introduced to illustrate the above problems .

In the first part , the basic theory of legal supervision of environmental impact assessment is summarized and introduced . On the basis of the theory of legal supervision , the jurisprudence of our country has its own theories , some similarities and differences . Therefore , in this part , the author tries to sum up and sum up the theory of legal supervision in China . On the one hand , the author puts forward his own views on the characteristics of the legal supervision of environmental impact assessment in China .

In the second part , the present situation and the defects of the legal supervision of environmental impact assessment in China are analyzed in detail . The present situation and shortcomings of the legal supervision of environmental impact assessment are analyzed from the administrative supervision of environmental impact assessment at the national legal supervision level and the environmental impact assessment of the social legal supervision level . As a result , the author believes that judicial relief is an important safeguard of the legal supervision of environmental impact assessment in China . Therefore , the author also analyzes the judicial relief of the legal supervision of environmental impact assessment in China .

The third part compares and analyzes the legal supervision of environmental impact assessment from the comparative method . Because of the limited length of this study , the author compared the legal supervision of the environmental impact assessment in China and the United States , and analyzed the administrative supervision and the public supervision and the judicial relief way of environmental impact assessment of the two countries .

The fourth part , in order to perfect the legal supervision of the environmental impact assessment of our country , finds out the theoretical support . The problem of legal supervision of environmental impact assessment in China is mainly exposed to the aspects of administrative supervision , public supervision and judicial relief . Therefore , this part mainly focuses on the above three aspects , and finds out the reasonable theoretical basis for the perfection of the legal supervision of environmental impact assessment in China . Through the research , the author uses the theory of power balance of Montesquieu and Olsen et al . to explain the improvement of the environmental impact assessment administrative supervision .
Based on the theory of Schmidt ' s constitutional theory , Rawls ' theory of justice is used to explain the improvement of public supervision of environmental impact assessment ;
By using the theory of natural body ' s rights , the theory of theory and so on in the field of environmental law , the so - called " expectable theory " is used to explain the improvement of the judicial remedy of environmental impact assessment law supervision .

The fifth part , combining the analysis of the fourth part and the comparative analysis of the third part to the legal supervision of the environmental impact assessment of the two countries , puts forward the concrete suggestions for the legal supervision and improvement of the environmental impact assessment in China .

The main point of this paper is that the legal supervision of environmental impact assessment should be improved from three aspects of administrative supervision , public supervision and judicial relief . It should not only improve the supervision of environmental impact assessment links that do not carry out effective legal supervision , but also improve the supervision of environmental impact assessment supervisors , such as environmental impact assessment and approval authorities of construction projects , planning environmental impact assessment review teams and the legal supervision of staff members .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D922.68

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本文編號：2137065