本文選題：醫(yī)療廢物 + 管理��； 參考：《東北林業(yè)大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,居民消費(fèi)水平的提高,人們對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)和自我保護(hù)的意識(shí)也逐漸增強(qiáng)。廢物的處置尤其是醫(yī)療廢物的處置已越來越受到社會(huì)的關(guān)注。由于醫(yī)療廢物管理不嚴(yán)或者處理處置不當(dāng)引起環(huán)境污染問題也越來越受到人們的關(guān)注。在堅(jiān)持環(huán)境法基本原則、制度前提下,通過建立系統(tǒng)的醫(yī)療廢物管理法律法規(guī),以減少或避免對(duì)人類健康的影響和對(duì)環(huán)境的危害,這對(duì)完善我國環(huán)境保護(hù)法律體系,促進(jìn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展都具有重要意義。我國醫(yī)療廢物管理法制化起步較晚,國務(wù)院2003年才頒布的《醫(yī)療廢物管理?xiàng)l例》為醫(yī)療廢物管理提供了基本的法制保障。經(jīng)過幾年實(shí)踐,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)醫(yī)療廢物管理在立法、執(zhí)法、法律監(jiān)督、法律責(zé)任、法律制度等方面仍存在著一定的問題。本論文研究的目的在于借鑒國外有關(guān)醫(yī)療廢物在立法、執(zhí)法、法律制度等方面的經(jīng)驗(yàn),完善適合我國醫(yī)療廢物管理的相關(guān)法律,提出我國有關(guān)醫(yī)療廢物管理的立法構(gòu)想,完善各項(xiàng)相關(guān)的法律制度,以達(dá)到規(guī)范醫(yī)療廢物管理、保護(hù)環(huán)境、保護(hù)人類健康的目的。本論文為完善我國醫(yī)療廢物管理的立法、執(zhí)法和法律制度提出初步設(shè)想,由于我國有關(guān)醫(yī)療廢物的法律制度規(guī)定得太原則、太抽象,通過本論文研究,使得我國醫(yī)療廢物法律制度更具體、更明確,增強(qiáng)在實(shí)踐中的操作性,使立法精神充分得到體現(xiàn)。同時(shí)可以為我國醫(yī)療廢物管理工作提供法理依據(jù)和決策支持。我國醫(yī)療廢物管理體制的問題加大了醫(yī)療廢物治理的難度,立法、執(zhí)法、監(jiān)督等方面的完善有利于加強(qiáng)對(duì)我國醫(yī)療廢物的管理;在保障可持續(xù)發(fā)展的環(huán)境安全和人類健康領(lǐng)域也具有理論意義和應(yīng)用價(jià)值。 本文共分為四個(gè)部分,第一部分說明了我國目前醫(yī)療廢物管理的現(xiàn)狀,介紹了醫(yī)療廢物的概念、危害、進(jìn)行管理的必要性、當(dāng)前我國醫(yī)療廢物的立法現(xiàn)狀和法律制度現(xiàn)狀。第二部分介紹了美國、歐盟、日本、韓國關(guān)于醫(yī)療廢物管理的立法概況及對(duì)我國醫(yī)療廢物管理的啟示。第三部分指出了我國醫(yī)療廢物管理存在的法律問題,包括立法問題、執(zhí)法問題和法律制度問題。第四部分針對(duì)我國醫(yī)療廢物管理存在的法律問題提出了相應(yīng)的建議。建議要提高立法層次、完善立法內(nèi)容、加強(qiáng)執(zhí)法力度、實(shí)行生產(chǎn)者負(fù)責(zé)分類回收的法律制度、集中處置法律制度、懲罰性賠償制度、經(jīng)營許可證制度、環(huán)境責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)制度和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)基金制度。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and the improvement of residents' consumption level, people's awareness of environmental protection and self-protection is gradually strengthened. The disposal of waste, especially the disposal of medical waste, has been paid more and more attention by the society. People pay more and more attention to environmental pollution caused by inadequate management or disposal of medical waste. Under the premise of adhering to the basic principles and systems of environmental law, through the establishment of systematic laws and regulations on the management of medical waste, to reduce or avoid the impact on human health and the harm to the environment, this will improve the legal system of environmental protection in China. Promoting sustainable development is of great significance. The legalization of medical waste management in China started relatively late. The regulations on Medical waste Management promulgated by the State Council in 2003 provided a basic legal guarantee for the management of medical waste. After several years of practice, we find that there are still some problems in the management of medical waste in the aspects of legislation, law enforcement, legal supervision, legal liability, legal system and so on. The purpose of this paper is to learn from the experience of foreign countries in legislation, law enforcement and legal system, to perfect the relevant laws suitable for the management of medical waste in our country, and to put forward the legislative conception of medical waste management in our country. The aim of standardizing medical waste management, protecting environment and protecting human health is to perfect the relevant legal system. This paper puts forward some tentative ideas for perfecting the legislation, law enforcement and legal system of medical waste management in China. Because the legal system of medical waste in our country is too principled and abstract, it is studied in this paper. It makes the legal system of medical waste in our country more specific, more clear, and more operable in practice, so that the legislative spirit can be fully reflected. At the same time, it can provide legal basis and decision support for medical waste management in China. The problems of medical waste management system in China have increased the difficulty of medical waste management. The perfection of legislation, law enforcement, supervision and so on is conducive to strengthening the management of medical waste in China. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part explains the current situation of medical waste management in China, and introduces the concept of medical waste. Harm, the necessity of management, the current status of legislation and legal system of medical waste in China. The second part introduces the legislation of the United States, European Union, Japan and South Korea on the management of medical waste and the enlightenment to the management of medical waste in China. The third part points out the legal problems existing in the management of medical waste in China, including legislation, law enforcement and legal system. The fourth part puts forward the corresponding suggestions on the legal problems of medical waste management in China. It is suggested that we should raise the level of legislation, perfect the content of legislation, strengthen law enforcement, implement the legal system of classifying and recycling producers, centralize the legal system of disposal, the system of punitive damages, and the system of operating permits. Environmental liability insurance system and risk fund system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：D922.16;D922.68

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本文編號(hào)：1982899