發(fā)布時間：2018-05-28 02:39

  本文選題：電子廢棄物 + 管理��； 參考：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 隨著電子產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)水平日益快速的提高和社會對電子類消費產(chǎn)品需求的不斷更新和膨脹,電子產(chǎn)品被廢棄和淘汰的速度越來越快。伴隨著信息技術(shù)快速發(fā)展的一個產(chǎn)物就是電子廢棄物的產(chǎn)生。如何回收處理與資源化利用電子廢棄物成為各國普遍關(guān)注的焦點問題。 就世界范圍而言,電子廢棄物的增長速度相當(dāng)快。電子廢棄物是世界上增長最快的垃圾。報廢的電子產(chǎn)品如果處理不當(dāng)將會發(fā)生嚴(yán)重的后果,勢必會導(dǎo)致潛在的環(huán)境污染。但是同時電子廢棄物中又含有較多可以再利用的物質(zhì),如果能夠有效的回收將會取得較好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會效益。 步入21世紀(jì)以后我國已經(jīng)是世界上家電生產(chǎn)大國和消費大國。隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和人民生活水平的提高,家電等電子產(chǎn)品的普及率越來越高,電子產(chǎn)品的報廢數(shù)量也會隨之不斷增大。目前,我國家用電器和計算機(jī)社會總擁有量已經(jīng)超過了100億臺。而我國電子廢棄物回收市場處于相當(dāng)分散無序的狀態(tài),主要以流動個體回收戶走街串巷回收為主,還包括廢舊物資回收和舊貨經(jīng)營企業(yè)直接回收、生產(chǎn)商通過以舊換新回收等�？梢哉f,我國現(xiàn)有的電子廢棄物回收體系由于沒有明確生產(chǎn)商和消費者對電子廢棄物回收的責(zé)任,缺乏有效的政府監(jiān)督和法律約束,沒有形成完善的回收網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系,我國電子廢棄物管理中存在著回收率低,回收成本高,且容易造成二次環(huán)境污染等方面的問題。 為了避免電子廢棄物對生態(tài)環(huán)境和人類生存環(huán)境的破壞,為了有效回收利用電子廢棄物中的寶貴資源,營造一個生態(tài)文明的社會,是本文選題的目的所在。通過導(dǎo)論部分介紹了選題的背景、目的和意義,并對國外如歐盟、美國、日本的研究狀況予以介紹,并對我國的研究現(xiàn)狀也有簡單的列舉;再對電子廢棄物的概念予以界定,分析了我國電子廢棄物的特點�；陔娮訌U棄物有危害性和可回收性雙重特點,在立法上對其進(jìn)行管理將是必然的趨勢,繼而對電子廢棄物管理立法的必要性進(jìn)行了闡述。要對電子廢棄物的管理予以立法,就需要了解我國目前關(guān)于這方面有哪些法律法規(guī),這些法律法規(guī)存在哪些不足之處,分析現(xiàn)狀,發(fā)現(xiàn)問題。由于國外一些發(fā)達(dá)國家的相關(guān)立法比較先進(jìn)和完善,因而主要針對歐盟、日本、美國、德國的法律規(guī)定進(jìn)行了簡單的研究,希望能對我國的電子廢棄物立法有所啟示。最后對完善我國電子廢棄物管理立法構(gòu)建的理論基礎(chǔ)予以列舉,之后提出了一些立法建議。并且對立法管理電子廢棄物進(jìn)行了展望,希望能夠借此減少污染,保護(hù)環(huán)境。
[Abstract]:With the rapid improvement of the technology level of the electronic industry and the continuous renewal and expansion of the society's demand for electronic consumer products, the electronic products are being abandoned and eliminated more and more quickly. With the rapid development of information technology, a product is the generation of electronic waste. How to recycle and recycle electronic wastes has become the focus of attention in many countries. Worldwide, the growth rate of electronic waste is quite rapid. Electronic waste is the fastest growing waste in the world. If discarded electronic products are not handled properly, serious consequences will occur, which will inevitably lead to potential environmental pollution. But at the same time, the electronic waste also contains more materials which can be reused. If it can be recovered effectively, it will get better economic and social benefits. After entering the 21 st century, our country has already been the big country of household appliance production and consumption in the world. With the development of Chinese economy and the improvement of people's living standard, the popularization rate of electronic products such as household appliances is becoming higher and higher, and the number of scrapped electronic products will also increase. At present, the total number of household appliances and computer society has exceeded 10 billion units. The electronic waste recovery market in our country is in a rather scattered and disordered state, which mainly consists of mobile individual recyclers walking through streets and lanes, including recycling of waste materials and materials, direct recycling of used goods and business enterprises, and producers' recycling by exchanging old materials for new ones, and so on. It can be said that the existing e-waste recycling system in China has not clearly defined the responsibility of producers and consumers for e-waste recycling, lacks effective government supervision and legal constraints, and has not formed a sound recycling network system. There are some problems in electronic waste management in China, such as low recovery rate, high recovery cost and easy to cause secondary environmental pollution. In order to avoid the destruction of the ecological environment and human living environment by electronic waste, to effectively recycle the precious resources in the electronic waste and to create an ecological civilized society, the purpose of this paper is to choose the topic. This paper introduces the background, purpose and significance of the topic, introduces the research situation of foreign countries such as the European Union, the United States and Japan, and gives a brief list of the present research situation of our country, and then defines the concept of electronic waste. The characteristics of electronic wastes in China are analyzed. Based on the dual characteristics of harmfulness and recyclability of electronic wastes, it is an inevitable trend to manage them in legislation, and then the necessity of legislation of electronic waste management is expounded. In order to legislate the management of electronic wastes, it is necessary to know what laws and regulations exist in this respect, what are the shortcomings of these laws and regulations, analyze the present situation and find out the problems. Due to the relative legislation of some developed countries is more advanced and perfect, so mainly for the European Union, Japan, the United States, Germany for a simple study of the legal provisions, hoping to have some enlightenment to our legislation on electronic waste. Finally, the theoretical basis of improving the legislation construction of electronic waste management in China is listed, and some legislative suggestions are put forward. It also looks forward to the legislative management of electronic wastes, hoping to reduce pollution and protect the environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D922.68

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 譚之海;廢棄線路板的資源化及浮選動力學(xué)模型研究[D];中國礦業(yè)大學(xué);2011年

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本文編號：1944921