發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-24 16:51

  本文選題：固體廢棄物 + 國內(nèi)跨界轉(zhuǎn)移��； 參考：《湘潭大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：固體廢棄物國內(nèi)跨界轉(zhuǎn)移是指固體廢棄物在一國國境內(nèi)，從一個(gè)地方轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個(gè)地方，兩地之間有明確的一條“線”，即界，根據(jù)我國國家、地方立法的實(shí)際情況，固體廢棄物國內(nèi)跨界轉(zhuǎn)移應(yīng)理解為固體廢棄物在我國國境內(nèi)，跨�。ㄗ灾螀^(qū)、直轄市）、跨市（自治州、區(qū)）、跨縣（自治縣、街道）三個(gè)不同層次的轉(zhuǎn)移。不斷增加的產(chǎn)生量、供需對(duì)口、經(jīng)濟(jì)利益、技術(shù)水平等因素，使得固體廢棄物國內(nèi)跨界轉(zhuǎn)移成為了必然趨勢(shì)。固體廢棄物國內(nèi)跨界轉(zhuǎn)移尤其是非法無序轉(zhuǎn)移會(huì)造成轉(zhuǎn)出地、轉(zhuǎn)入地以及轉(zhuǎn)移沿線地區(qū)不同程度的環(huán)境污染，因此，對(duì)固體廢棄物國內(nèi)跨界轉(zhuǎn)移進(jìn)行法律規(guī)制顯得尤為重要。 通過比較考察，美國對(duì)固體廢棄物國內(nèi)跨界轉(zhuǎn)移的管理以《資源回收和保護(hù)法》為基礎(chǔ)，配備了經(jīng)營許可制度和跟蹤制度，并且根據(jù)固體廢棄物產(chǎn)生者單位時(shí)間內(nèi)產(chǎn)生量的大小規(guī)定了不同的管理制度。日本通過嚴(yán)格落實(shí)到位的傳票制度，規(guī)制固體廢棄物從產(chǎn)生到收集運(yùn)輸最終到處置的全過程，最大限度地減少了固體廢棄物在運(yùn)輸轉(zhuǎn)移途中可能造成的環(huán)境污染。德國則以《固體廢物循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)法》《固體廢物運(yùn)輸證管理?xiàng)l例》明確了固體廢棄物國內(nèi)跨界轉(zhuǎn)移的具體運(yùn)輸線路、運(yùn)輸時(shí)間、運(yùn)輸工具的要求等，嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行跟蹤單制度。通過分析以上較為先進(jìn)和規(guī)范的國家的做法，我國應(yīng)從制定專門的法律法規(guī)規(guī)定、明確具體的跨界轉(zhuǎn)移規(guī)制管理者、制定完善詳細(xì)的跨界轉(zhuǎn)移制度、配套年度轉(zhuǎn)移規(guī)制規(guī)劃四方面著手對(duì)固體廢棄物國內(nèi)跨界轉(zhuǎn)移進(jìn)行法律規(guī)制。 2011年云南曲靖鉻污染事件折射出我國固體廢棄物國內(nèi)跨界轉(zhuǎn)移在立法和執(zhí)行層面的諸多問題：缺乏健全的法律法規(guī)體系，執(zhí)法層面多頭管理、各執(zhí)法機(jī)構(gòu)職責(zé)交叉，缺乏可操作的具體制度，救濟(jì)制度的不嚴(yán)格等。正因?yàn)樯鲜鰡栴}的存在，我國在固體廢棄物國內(nèi)跨界轉(zhuǎn)移過程中頻發(fā)環(huán)境污染事故，也因此付出了沉重的代價(jià)。對(duì)固體廢棄物國內(nèi)跨界轉(zhuǎn)移規(guī)制制定單行法律或者在《中華人民共和國固體廢物污染環(huán)境防治法》中辟專章加以規(guī)定，從而讓全國各地的法律規(guī)制有共同的上位法遵循；優(yōu)化責(zé)任機(jī)制，建立單一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)管理體制，從縱向和橫向上明確管理部門的職能職責(zé)；通過制度創(chuàng)新，建立全國統(tǒng)一的運(yùn)輸工具加裝GPS制度、固體廢棄物收集運(yùn)輸企業(yè)經(jīng)營資質(zhì)全國統(tǒng)一管理認(rèn)證制度、押金返還制度等，，讓新老制度相互配合協(xié)調(diào)，形成良性循環(huán)；通過變通相對(duì)靈活的行政處罰制度、制定更為科學(xué)的民事責(zé)任制度、設(shè)定合理的刑事責(zé)任等等，來確保救濟(jì)嚴(yán)格到位�？梢酝ㄟ^上述四方面的完善，有效規(guī)制我國固體廢棄物國內(nèi)跨界轉(zhuǎn)移，推動(dòng)我國環(huán)保立法的健全完善以及環(huán)保事業(yè)的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The domestic transboundary transfer of solid waste means that solid waste is transferred from one place to another within the territory of one country. There is a clear "line" between the two places, that is, the boundary, according to the actual situation of the national and local legislation of our country. The domestic transborder transfer of solid waste should be understood as the transfer of solid waste in three different levels within the territory of our country, between provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government), across cities (autonomous prefectures, districts, counties and streets). The increasing production, supply and demand, economic benefits, technical level and other factors make the domestic cross-border transfer of solid waste become an inevitable trend. Domestic transboundary transfer of solid waste, especially illegal and disorderly transfer, will result in environmental pollution of different degree in the place of transfer, transfer and transfer along the line, so it is particularly important to regulate the domestic cross-border transfer of solid waste by law. Through comparative investigations, the management of domestic transboundary movements of solid waste in the United States is based on the Resource recovery and Protection Act, and is equipped with a business license system and a tracking system. According to the amount of solid waste per unit time, different management systems are defined. By strictly implementing the subpoena system, Japan regulates the whole process of solid waste from generation to collection and transportation to final disposal, and minimizes the possible environmental pollution caused by solid waste in the course of transportation and transfer. In Germany, the "solid waste recycle economy law" and "regulations on the management of solid waste transport license" defined the specific transportation routes, transportation time and the requirements of the means of transportation for the domestic cross-border transfer of solid waste, and strictly implemented the system of tracking orders. Through the analysis of the practices of the more advanced and standardized countries above, our country should formulate special laws and regulations, make clear the specific regulatory managers of cross-border transfer, and formulate and improve the detailed cross-border transfer system. The four aspects of supporting annual transfer regulation plan are to regulate the domestic cross-border transfer of solid waste. The 2011 incident of chromium pollution in Qujing, Yunnan Province, reflects many problems in the legislative and executive aspects of the domestic cross-border transfer of solid waste in China: lack of a sound legal and regulatory system, multiple management at the law enforcement level, and overlapping responsibilities of various law enforcement agencies. Lack of operational specific system, relief system is not strict and so on. Because of the above problems, environmental pollution accidents occur frequently in the process of domestic transborder transfer of solid waste in China, which also pay a heavy price. Make a separate law on the regulation of the domestic transboundary transfer of solid waste or set up a special chapter in the Law of the people's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of solid waste pollution, so that the legal regulations of all parts of the country can be followed by common upper laws; Optimizing the responsibility mechanism, establishing a single leadership management system, clarifying the functions and responsibilities of the management department vertically and horizontally, establishing a unified national transportation system with GPS through system innovation, Solid waste collection and transportation enterprises' operating qualifications nationwide unified management certification system, deposit return system, etc., so that the old and new systems can coordinate with each other to form a virtuous circle; and through a relatively flexible administrative punishment system, Make more scientific civil liability system, set up reasonable criminal liability and so on, to ensure that the relief is strictly in place. Through the improvement of the above four aspects, we can effectively regulate the domestic transborder transfer of solid waste in China, and promote the sound improvement of environmental protection legislation and the development of environmental protection cause in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D922.68

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