本文選題：污染物排放 + 限制排放　； 參考：《華中師范大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 隨著我國污染物排放量不斷上升,我國面臨的環(huán)境問題已越來越嚴(yán)重。污染物排放問題已嚴(yán)重影響了我國經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)、健康、高速發(fā)展。污染物未加控制地排放侵犯了公民的環(huán)境權(quán)利,與可持續(xù)發(fā)展觀相違背。然而由于我國限制污染物排放相關(guān)的法律制度存在著一系列的不足,未能有效地限制污染物排放,因此,從法律上采取有效措施限制污染物排放已十分必要。本文擬從法制的角度探討我國現(xiàn)行限制污染物排放法律制度的不足并提出改進(jìn)意見,以供立法、執(zhí)法機(jī)關(guān)參考。 本文第一部分介紹了污染物的概念、種類,并介紹了當(dāng)今國際流行的對污染物無害化處理的方式,指出現(xiàn)今污染物無害化處理方式效率較低,不能真正解決污染物大量排放帶來的環(huán)境問題。 文章第二部分介紹了中國古代“天人合一”思想、環(huán)境權(quán)理論以及可持續(xù)發(fā)展觀的基本內(nèi)容。指出這三種理論是限制污染物排放法律制度的重要理論基礎(chǔ),闡明了我國限制污染物排放法律制度應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循的原則和理論基礎(chǔ)。 文章第三部分分析了我國限制污染物排放法律制度的歷史發(fā)展和現(xiàn)狀,指出我國有關(guān)限制污染物排放的法律法規(guī)間缺乏協(xié)調(diào)和統(tǒng)一,沒有形成完整的法律體系;各行政部門間職責(zé)分工不明晰,政府監(jiān)管體系有待完善;排污收費(fèi)制度有待完善;環(huán)境責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)制度尚未建立;限制污染物排放法律機(jī)制中公眾參與不足;限制污染物排放法律責(zé)任方面應(yīng)當(dāng)完善等問題。 文章第四部分對當(dāng)前限制污染物排放法律制度提出了完善的建議和設(shè)想。在稅收法制方面提出對消費(fèi)稅、車船使用稅進(jìn)行修改并開征燃油稅,從而更好地從源頭上限制污染物排放。在污染物排放監(jiān)管方面建議完善排污許可證制度和排污收費(fèi)制度。在法律責(zé)任方面建議重構(gòu)行政機(jī)關(guān)限制污染物排放的法律責(zé)任,強(qiáng)化企業(yè)排放污染物的責(zé)任,建議建立跨界污染責(zé)任制度并建立環(huán)境責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)制度。最后提出為了更好地保障公民環(huán)境權(quán)益,建議建立限制污染物排放公益訴訟制度。
[Abstract]:With the increasing emission of pollutants, the environmental problems are becoming more and more serious. Pollutant emission has seriously affected the sustained, healthy and rapid development of our economy. Uncontrolled discharge of pollutants infringes citizens' environmental rights and violates the concept of sustainable development. However, due to a series of deficiencies in the relevant legal system of limiting pollutant emissions in China, it is necessary to take effective measures to limit the discharge of pollutants. From the angle of legal system, this paper discusses the deficiency of our country's current legal system of limiting pollutant discharge and puts forward some suggestions to improve it for the reference of legislation and law enforcement agencies. In the first part of this paper, the concept and category of pollutants are introduced, and the current international harmless treatment methods are introduced. It is pointed out that the present treatment methods of pollutants are less efficient. It can not really solve the environmental problems caused by the massive discharge of pollutants. In the second part, the author introduces the thought of "harmony of nature and man" in ancient China, the theory of environmental right and the basic content of the concept of sustainable development. It is pointed out that these three theories are the important theoretical basis of the legal system of limiting pollutant emissions, and the principles and theoretical basis of the legal system of limiting pollutant emissions in China are expounded. The third part of the article analyzes the historical development and present situation of the legal system of limiting pollutant emission in China, and points out that there is no coordination and unification between the laws and regulations on the limitation of pollutant emission, and a complete legal system has not been formed. The division of responsibilities among the administrative departments is not clear, the government regulatory system needs to be improved, the sewage charging system needs to be improved, the environmental liability insurance system has not yet been established, the legal mechanism to limit the discharge of pollutants is not enough for public participation; The limitation pollutant discharge legal liability aspect should consummate and so on the question. In the fourth part, the author puts forward some suggestions and ideas on the current legal system of limiting pollutant emission. In the aspect of tax legal system, the consumption tax, vehicle and vessel use tax should be revised and fuel tax should be imposed, so as to limit the emission of pollutants from the source better. In the aspect of pollutant discharge supervision, it is suggested to improve the emission permit system and pollutant charge system. In the aspect of legal liability, it is suggested to reconstruct the legal responsibility of administrative organs to limit the discharge of pollutants, to strengthen the responsibility of enterprises to discharge pollutants, to establish the system of liability for transboundary pollution and to establish the system of environmental liability insurance. Finally, in order to better protect the environmental rights and interests of citizens, it is suggested to establish a public interest litigation system to limit the discharge of pollutants.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：D922.6

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