本文選題：環(huán)境權(quán) + 環(huán)境侵權(quán)��； 參考：《蘭州大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 作為新型的法律部門,環(huán)境法在我國已初步形成由憲法、環(huán)境法律、環(huán)境行政法規(guī)和規(guī)章、地方性環(huán)境法規(guī)和規(guī)章以及環(huán)境保護(hù)政策等組成的體系,但目前仍沒有統(tǒng)一的噪聲排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn),這給審判工作帶來極大困難。通過對本案天通花園小區(qū)27戶居民訴莊維建筑公司噪聲擾民案的法律分析,本文認(rèn)為法院以原告的環(huán)境權(quán)益受到嚴(yán)重?fù)p害為由,根據(jù)《民法通則》第83條的規(guī)定,判決被告排除妨害,消除噪聲污染,并賠償原告精神損失200元是正確的。這一做法有利于保護(hù)公民的休息權(quán)、健康權(quán)和環(huán)境權(quán)。但同時(shí)也反映出我國缺少統(tǒng)一的噪聲排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和部門法內(nèi)部沖突的問題。噪聲污染環(huán)境立法不完善是出現(xiàn)上述問題的主要原因,本文由此提出了解決問題的對策。這兩個(gè)問題的解決對于保障公民的環(huán)境權(quán)益,保障廣大人民的根本利益,具有重大意義。 本文共分二章。第一章,案情及法律分析。主要介紹了案情、法律分析,初步探討了環(huán)境侵權(quán)構(gòu)成要件;論述了環(huán)境權(quán)概念的起源和發(fā)展,國外關(guān)于環(huán)境權(quán)的法律規(guī)定,國內(nèi)學(xué)者對環(huán)境權(quán)的討論及環(huán)境侵權(quán)不同于一般侵權(quán)的特點(diǎn);介紹了《環(huán)境噪聲污染防治法》規(guī)定的兩項(xiàng)制度:事先申報(bào)制度和禁止夜間施工制度;提出了對本案爭議的焦點(diǎn)、環(huán)境侵權(quán)司法救濟(jì)、法律沖突和損害賠償數(shù)額確定的看法。 第二章,本案例反映出的問題及解決問題的對策。筆者認(rèn)為,需要修改并重構(gòu)“環(huán)境噪聲污染”定義,在憲法中明文規(guī)定環(huán)境權(quán),制定《環(huán)境政策基本法》,建立起和諧統(tǒng)一的環(huán)境法律體系,確定噪聲污染的排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并使部門內(nèi)部法律協(xié)調(diào)一致。建立起和諧統(tǒng)一的法律體系,就要堅(jiān)持環(huán)境立法的科學(xué)原則。堅(jiān)持環(huán)境立法的科學(xué)原則,有助于產(chǎn)生建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化法治國家所需要的高質(zhì)量的良法,有益于尊重環(huán)境立法規(guī)律、克服環(huán)境立法中的主觀隨意性和盲目性,也有利于避免或減少錯(cuò)誤和失誤,降低成本,提高環(huán)境立法效率。 相信在不遠(yuǎn)的將來,我國的憲法和環(huán)境法律會(huì)作出保護(hù)公民環(huán)境權(quán)的明文規(guī)定,健全和完善各種環(huán)境噪聲標(biāo)準(zhǔn),以更好的保障公民的環(huán)境權(quán),實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)的和諧發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:As a new type of legal department, environmental law has initially formed a system of constitution, environmental laws, environmental administrative regulations and rules, local environmental laws and regulations and environmental protection policies in China. However, there is still no uniform noise emission standard, which brings great difficulties to the trial work. Based on the legal analysis of the case of 27 residents of Tiantong Garden District v. Zhuangwei Construction Company, this paper holds that the court, on the basis of the serious damage to the plaintiff's environmental rights and interests, according to the provisions of Article 83 of the General principles of Civil Law, The defendant was correct to rule out obstruction, eliminate noise pollution, and compensate the plaintiff for spiritual loss of $200. This practice helps to protect citizens' right to rest, health and environment. But it also reflects the lack of uniform noise emission standards and internal conflicts of departmental laws. The imperfect legislation of noise pollution environment is the main reason for the above problems, so this paper puts forward the countermeasures to solve the problems. The solution of these two problems is of great significance to the protection of citizens' environmental rights and interests and the fundamental interests of the broad masses of people. This paper is divided into two chapters. Chapter one, case and legal analysis. This paper mainly introduces the case, legal analysis, discusses the constitutive elements of environmental tort, discusses the origin and development of the concept of environmental right, and the foreign legal provisions on environmental right. The discussion of environmental rights and the characteristics of environmental tort are different from those of general tort. This paper introduces the two systems stipulated in the Environmental noise pollution Prevention and Control Law: the prior declaration system and the prohibition of night construction, and puts forward the focus of the dispute in this case. Judicial relief for environmental infringement, conflict of laws and determination of the amount of damages. The second chapter, this case reflects the problem and the solution to the problem. The author thinks that it is necessary to revise and reconstruct the definition of "environmental noise pollution", explicitly stipulate environmental rights in the Constitution, formulate the basic Law of Environmental Policy, and establish a harmonious and unified environmental legal system. Establish emission standards for noise pollution and harmonize departmental laws. To establish a harmonious and unified legal system, we must adhere to the scientific principle of environmental legislation. Adhering to the scientific principle of environmental legislation is conducive to the production of good laws of high quality needed for building a modern country ruled by law, and is conducive to respecting the laws of environmental legislation and overcoming the subjective arbitrariness and blindness in environmental legislation. It also helps to avoid or reduce errors and errors, reduce costs and improve the efficiency of environmental legislation. It is believed that in the near future, the constitution and environmental law of our country will make explicit provisions to protect citizens' environmental rights, perfect and perfect all kinds of environmental noise standards, in order to better protect citizens' environmental rights and realize the harmonious development of society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：D922.6

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 韓國鑫;《某市環(huán)境噪聲污染防治條例》立法過程調(diào)查報(bào)告[D];哈爾濱工程大學(xué);2011年

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本文編號(hào)：1924727