本文選題：侵?jǐn)_ + 環(huán)境公共侵?jǐn)_��； 參考：《山東科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：侵?jǐn)_是英美法系中的一種侵權(quán)形式,在英國(guó),則為二十五種有名侵權(quán)之一,是指給人造成違法、擾亂、干涉或者損害的侵權(quán)行為。侵?jǐn)_制度在英國(guó)的發(fā)展早期屬于財(cái)產(chǎn)法的調(diào)整范圍,但是隨著城市化進(jìn)程與工業(yè)化進(jìn)程的發(fā)展,出現(xiàn)了一些列環(huán)境問題,由此,環(huán)境侵?jǐn)_出現(xiàn)。最開始出現(xiàn)的是環(huán)境私人侵?jǐn)_,解決相鄰?fù)恋刂g的環(huán)境侵?jǐn)_問題,隨著工業(yè)化的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展,環(huán)境問題加重,非相鄰?fù)恋刂g環(huán)境問題逐漸顯現(xiàn),根據(jù)公共侵?jǐn)_制度的規(guī)制出現(xiàn)了環(huán)境公共侵?jǐn)_。環(huán)境公共侵?jǐn)_訴訟救濟(jì)作為解決環(huán)境公共侵?jǐn)_問題的最重要方式,對(duì)環(huán)境公共侵?jǐn)_問題的解決發(fā)揮了不可替代的作用。環(huán)境公共侵?jǐn)_是對(duì)非相鄰?fù)恋刂g的環(huán)境侵?jǐn)_影響了公眾環(huán)境權(quán)利的行為,體現(xiàn)為侵害了某一范圍內(nèi)公眾生活上的環(huán)境合理舒適,其與環(huán)境私人侵?jǐn)_有密切聯(lián)系,但是也有一些區(qū)別�？梢蕴崞瓠h(huán)境公共侵?jǐn)_訴訟的主體包括總檢察長(zhǎng)、民間環(huán)保組織和遭受特別損害的一般大眾成員,前兩者起訴的前提為存在實(shí)際的環(huán)境公共侵?jǐn)_行為與超過一般容忍度。而遭受特別損害的一般大眾成員還需要有存在特別損害這一第三個(gè)條件�？倷z察長(zhǎng)作為原告可以自己提起訴訟,也可以為公民或者社會(huì)組織通過私人檢察長(zhǎng)制度,以總檢察長(zhǎng)的名義提起訴訟。民間環(huán)保組織經(jīng)歷了艱難的發(fā)展,結(jié)合民間環(huán)保組織具有的組織優(yōu)勢(shì)、專業(yè)性優(yōu)勢(shì)和大量司法實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn),才有資格作為原告提起訴訟,為英國(guó)環(huán)境公共侵?jǐn)_訴訟的發(fā)展完善做出了不可磨滅的貢獻(xiàn)。通過玫瑰歌劇案,遭受特別損害的一般大眾成員可以提起環(huán)境公共侵?jǐn)_訴訟。根據(jù)侵?jǐn)_程度的輕重,承擔(dān)環(huán)境公共侵?jǐn)_責(zé)任的方式為由被告作出承諾、賠償損失、判處罰金和頒發(fā)禁止令這四種方式。通過對(duì)英國(guó)環(huán)境公共侵?jǐn)_訴訟的研究,啟示我國(guó)在環(huán)境訴訟中,平衡公眾環(huán)境權(quán)利和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展之間的關(guān)系;確立環(huán)境公共侵?jǐn)_制度,保障公眾環(huán)境權(quán)利與環(huán)境舒適度;在環(huán)境訴訟中同時(shí)解決環(huán)境公益與環(huán)境私益問題,節(jié)約司法資源;建立環(huán)境公共侵?jǐn)_訴訟激勵(lì)保護(hù)機(jī)制,鼓勵(lì)公眾參與環(huán)境公共侵?jǐn)_訴訟。
[Abstract]:Intrusion is a form of tort in Anglo-American law system, but in Britain, it is one of 25 famous torts. It refers to torts that cause violation, disturbance, interference or damage to people. The intrusive system in the early stage of the development of Britain belongs to the scope of adjustment of property law, but with the development of urbanization and industrialization, there are some environmental problems. At the beginning, the problem of environmental disturbance between adjacent land was solved. With the further development of industrialization, the environmental problem became more and more serious, and the environmental problem between non-adjacent land gradually appeared. According to the regulation of public intrusion system, environmental public intrusion appears. As the most important way to solve the problem of environmental public intrusion, the remedy of environmental public intrusion litigation plays an irreplaceable role in solving the problem of environmental public intrusion. Environmental public disturbance is an action that affects the environmental rights of the public on the non-adjacent land, which is reflected in the violation of the public life in a certain range of reasonable and comfortable environment, which is closely related to the environmental private intrusion. But there are some differences. The subjects that can bring environmental public intrusion lawsuit include the chief procurator, the private environmental protection organizations and the general public members who have suffered special damage. The premise of the former two prosecution is the existence of the actual environmental public intrusion behavior and the degree of exceeding the general tolerance. The general public who suffers special injury also needs to have the third condition of existence of special injury. The Procurator-General, as a plaintiff, may sue on his own behalf, or on behalf of a citizen or a social organization through the system of Private Prosecutor-General, in the name of the Attorney General. Private environmental protection organizations have experienced difficult development. Only by combining the organizational advantages, professional advantages and a large number of judicial practical experiences of non-governmental environmental protection organizations can they be qualified to file a lawsuit as plaintiffs. It has made an indelible contribution to the development and perfection of environmental public nuisance litigation in Britain. Through the Rose Opera, a member of the general public who has suffered special damage can bring a public nuisance suit against the environment. According to the degree of intrusion, the four ways to bear the responsibility for environmental public disturbance are the commitment of the defendant, the compensation of damages, the imposition of a fine and the issuance of a restraining order. Through the study of the environmental public disturbance litigation in Britain, the author enlightens our country to balance the relationship between the public environmental rights and the economic development in the environmental litigation, to establish the environmental public intrusive system, to guarantee the public environmental rights and the environmental comfort. In environmental litigation, the problems of environmental public welfare and private interests should be solved at the same time, the judicial resources should be saved, and the incentive and protection mechanism of environmental public disturbance litigation should be established to encourage the public to participate in environmental public intrusion litigation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D956.1;DD912.6

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