本文選題：林地 + 林地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)　； 參考：《中國政法大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：林地,作為林業(yè)發(fā)展必要的生產(chǎn)要素,是國家重要的自然和戰(zhàn)略資源,是森林賴以生存與發(fā)展之所系,在保障木材及林產(chǎn)品供給、維護國土生態(tài)安全中具有核心地位。我國林地資源總量不足、自然條件不佳且利用效率低下,唯有通過合理配置林地資源方能提高林地的利用效率以此滿足我國巨大的林產(chǎn)品需求。 根據(jù)我國現(xiàn)行的林地利用制度,用于林業(yè)用途的林地僅能通過承包的方式獲得林地使用權(quán)。鑒于林地所有權(quán)不能流轉(zhuǎn),林地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)的流轉(zhuǎn)成為優(yōu)化配置林地資源的惟一途徑。但是我國現(xiàn)行的林地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)制度在立法及執(zhí)法層面存在種種問題,嚴(yán)重阻礙了林地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)的高效流轉(zhuǎn),無助于林地資源的合理配置,亟待改進。 本文以林地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)為核心,運用實證分析的方法系統(tǒng)性地梳理了我國林地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)的相關(guān)法律規(guī)定。全文共分三章就林地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)取得、流轉(zhuǎn)的方式、程序及限制性規(guī)定進行了詳細闡述,并引申分析我國林地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)出資現(xiàn)代公司的可行性及限制,指出其中存在的問題,并相應(yīng)地提出改進的建議。 第一章首先明確了全文的研究范圍,界定了林地、林地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)的概念,并闡釋了我國立法在相關(guān)概念上的模糊之處,重點介紹了我國現(xiàn)行法律規(guī)范有關(guān)林地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)初次取得的條件和程序,指出由于現(xiàn)行法律法規(guī)對林地承包經(jīng)營生效的規(guī)定與不動產(chǎn)物權(quán)公示的原理相左,導(dǎo)致法律對林地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)的保護淪為債權(quán)性保護,并影響了林地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)的流轉(zhuǎn)。 第二章介紹了林地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)的概念、林地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)的分類,分析了林地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)的流轉(zhuǎn)在我國的必要性及可行性,并重點闡述了不同的林地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)的方式、程序及各種限制,如國有林地的承包經(jīng)營權(quán)尚不能流轉(zhuǎn)、家庭式林地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)的主體被嚴(yán)格限制在本集體經(jīng)濟組織內(nèi)部、經(jīng)營性林地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)的轉(zhuǎn)讓須征得村民會議三分之二以上或村民代表三分之二以上的同意等等,指出這些限制在很大程度上限制了林地資源的合理配置,與林地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)的初衷相悖,亟待進行改革。 第三章重點分析了林地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)出資現(xiàn)代公司的必要性及可行性,并指出由于林地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)在方式和程序上的種種限制,不同的林地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)出資現(xiàn)代公司還存在相應(yīng)的法律障礙,如國有林地僅能通過一級流轉(zhuǎn)出資公司,家庭式林地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)僅能通過出租、轉(zhuǎn)包等債權(quán)性流轉(zhuǎn)方式出資公司,經(jīng)營性林地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)通過物權(quán)性流轉(zhuǎn)方式出資公司需要履行相當(dāng)?shù)耐獬绦?而且取得的林地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)不能完全自由地流轉(zhuǎn)。這些法律障礙阻滯了林地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)順利的入資公司,降低了其他股東接受林地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)出資公司的意愿,不利于運用現(xiàn)代公司制度整合廣大的林地資源以提高林地利用效率。亟待立法廢除這些不必要的限制,充分發(fā)揮公司制度的優(yōu)勢,以便規(guī)�；�、集中化、高效率地利用林地,提高林業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率,滿足我國對林產(chǎn)品的巨大需求。 最后,論文總結(jié)了我國林地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)在取得及流轉(zhuǎn)上的種種不足之處,并相應(yīng)地提出了筆者的改進建議,希圖能對合理配置我國的林地資源,提高林地利用效率略盡綿薄之力。
[Abstract]:Forest land, as the essential production factor of forestry development, is an important natural and strategic resource of the country. It is the central position of forest for survival and development. It has the core position in guaranteeing the supply of wood and forest products and maintaining the security of land and ecology. Woodland resources can improve the utilization efficiency of forest land to meet the huge demand of forest products in China.
According to the current system of woodland utilization in China, forestland used for forestry use can only obtain the right to use the woodland by contract. In view of the fact that the ownership of woodland can not be transferred, the transfer of the contractual management right of woodland becomes the only way to optimize the allocation of woodland resources. There are various problems at the level, which seriously hamper the efficient circulation of forest land contractual management rights, and do not help the rational allocation of woodland resources.
Taking the right of woodland contract management as the core, this paper systematically combs the relevant legal provisions of the contractual management right of woodland in our country by means of empirical analysis. The full text is divided into three chapters to elaborate on the acquisition of the contractual management right of woodland, the mode of circulation, the procedure and the restrictive regulations, and extend the analysis of the capital contribution of the forestland contract management right in our country. The feasibility and limitations of the company are pointed out, and the existing problems are pointed out, and suggestions for improvement are put forward accordingly.
The first chapter first clarifies the scope of the full text, defines the concept of the right to contract management of woodland and woodland, and explains the vague points of our legislation in related concepts, and focuses on the conditions and procedures for the first acquisition of the contractual management right of woodland in the current legal norms of China, and points out that the contract management of woodland is due to the current laws and regulations. The provisions of the entry into force are different from the principle of the public notice of real property, which leads to the protection of the law's protection of the contractual management right of the woodland to the creditor's rights protection and the transfer of the contractual management right of the woodland.
The second chapter introduces the concept of the transfer of the contractual management right of woodland, the classification of the transfer of the contractual management right of the woodland, analyses the necessity and feasibility of the transfer of the contractual management right of the woodland in our country, and emphatically expounds the different ways, procedures and various limits of the transfer of the contractual management right of the woodland, such as the contractual management right of the state-owned forest land can not be transferred yet. The main body of the transfer of the household woodland contract management right is strictly limited to the collective economic organization. The transfer of the contractual management right of the operating woodland must be taken over 2/3 of the villagers' meeting or the consent of 2/3 of the villagers' representatives, and so on. The original intention of the transfer of contractual operation right is contrary to the need for reform.
The third chapter focuses on the analysis of the necessity and feasibility of the modern company with the contractual management right of woodland, and points out that due to the various restrictions on the mode and procedure of the transfer of the contractual management right of the woodland, the different contractual management rights of the woodland have the corresponding legal barriers to the modern company, such as the state-owned forest land can only be transferred through the first level. The household contract management right can only be invested by the creditor's right transfer mode such as renting, subcontracting, and so on. The contractual management right of the operational forestland needs to perform a considerable consent procedure through the transfer of property rights, and the contracted management right of the woodland can not be completely free. These legal obstacles block the land contract. The successful investment company has reduced the willingness of the other shareholders to accept the investment company of the forestland contract management right, and is not conducive to the use of the modern company system to integrate the vast woodland resources to improve the efficiency of woodland utilization. We should make full use of woodland to improve the efficiency of forestry production and meet the huge demand for forest products in China.
Finally, the paper summarizes the shortcomings of the acquisition and transfer of the contractual management right of China's woodland, and puts forward some suggestions on the improvement of the author, which can make a little effort to rationally configure our country's woodland resources and improve the efficiency of woodland utilization.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D922.32;D922.63;F326.2

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