本文選題：生態(tài)優(yōu)先 + 可持續(xù)發(fā)展��； 參考：《中國政法大學》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 森林具有多種功能,這些功能大致可以劃分為經(jīng)濟功能、社會功能和生態(tài)功能三類。其中生態(tài)功能是森林諸多功能之中最基礎和本原的功能,森林生態(tài)功能的損害不僅影響到森林經(jīng)濟功能和社會功能的提供,甚至還影響到氣候的變化和人類生存環(huán)境的變化。為了實現(xiàn)森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的健康發(fā)展,我們必須重新審視人類與森林之間的關系。注重森林的生態(tài)價值,要求人類尊重森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的內(nèi)在價值,尊重客觀生態(tài)規(guī)律。森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)有著自己獨立的物質(zhì)循環(huán)和能量流動規(guī)律,人類開發(fā)利用森林資源的行為不得破壞森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的平衡狀態(tài)。因此,森林管理制度應當充分考慮森林生態(tài)規(guī)律,最大限度地保持森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的完整和平衡。 現(xiàn)行《森林法》更傾向于將森林的工具價值作為立法的指導理念,相關管理制度的制定缺乏對生態(tài)規(guī)律的尊重。因此,基于生態(tài)價值的指導,在尊重生態(tài)規(guī)律的前提下,應對現(xiàn)行森林法律制度進行檢視和重構。 “天然林”具有最好的蓄水保土、防風固沙、涵養(yǎng)水源以及生物多樣性保護等生態(tài)功能,但在集體林權改革的過程中很多“天然林”被替換為生態(tài)功能差而經(jīng)濟效益好的“人工純林”,人們在收獲木材和其它森林果實的同時卻面臨著洪澇災害頻頻爆發(fā)的危險。筆者認為,應當制定“天然林保護制度”,將“天然林保護工程”上升為法律制度以加大對天然林的保護。根據(jù)森林不同屬性和用途將森林劃分為兩類:商品林和公益林,實行分類管理。同時將具有生態(tài)公益性質(zhì)的森林收歸國有,避免集體林地承包后“天然林”被替換的危險。完善森林生態(tài)效益補償制度,保證公益林區(qū)居民的基本生活條件,實現(xiàn)不同區(qū)域間的生態(tài)公平。 “森林之火”在不構成“森林火災”的前提下,對森林肌體的健康是有益的。“森林防火制度”杜絕一切森林之火的發(fā)生是違背森林生態(tài)規(guī)律的,杜絕一切林火的存在往往是導致森林火災的主要原因,筆者認為應將“森林防火制度”改為“林火管理制度”。在以生態(tài)價值為價值取向的立法思想的指導下,筆者對森林資產(chǎn)評估和林權登記制度、林業(yè)重點工程的管理、林業(yè)長遠規(guī)劃和森林經(jīng)營方案、林地征用制度、林業(yè)工作站的法律地位、森林公安的管理體制、森林公園管理制度、森林資源培育制度、森林資源利用制度以及森林認證制度等進行了梳理和重構,進一步完善對森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的管理和保護。
[Abstract]:Forest has many functions, which can be divided into economic function, social function and ecological function.Ecological function is the most basic and original function of forest. The damage of forest ecological function not only affects the provision of forest economic and social functions, but also affects the climate change and the change of human living environment.In order to realize the healthy development of forest ecosystem, we must re-examine the relationship between human beings and forests.Paying attention to the ecological value of forest requires that human beings respect the intrinsic value of forest ecosystem and the objective ecological law.Forest ecosystem has its own independent laws of material circulation and energy flow. Human exploitation and utilization of forest resources should not destroy the balance of forest ecosystem.Therefore, forest management system should take full account of forest ecological law, and maintain the integrity and balance of forest ecosystem to the maximum extent.The present Forest Law is more inclined to regard the instrumental value of forest as the guiding concept of legislation, and the establishment of relevant management system lacks respect for ecological laws.Therefore, based on the guidance of ecological value and under the premise of respecting ecological laws, the present forest legal system should be examined and reconstructed.The "natural forest" has the best ecological functions, such as water storage and soil conservation, wind and sand prevention, water conservation and biodiversity conservation, etc.However, in the process of collective forest right reform, many "natural forests" have been replaced by "artificial pure forests" with poor ecological functions and good economic benefits. People are faced with the risk of frequent flood and waterlogging disasters while harvesting wood and other forest fruits.The author holds that "natural forest protection system" should be formulated, and "natural forest protection project" should be raised to legal system to increase the protection of natural forest.According to different properties and uses of forest, the forest is classified into two categories: commercial forest and public welfare forest.At the same time, the forest with ecological commonweal nature is nationalized to avoid the danger of "natural forest" being replaced after collective forest land contract.Improve the compensation system of forest ecological benefits, ensure the basic living conditions of residents in public welfare forest areas, and realize ecological equity among different regions.Forest fire is beneficial to the health of forest body on the premise that it does not constitute forest fire.The "forest fire prevention system" to prevent all forest fires from occurring is contrary to the ecological laws of the forest, and the existence of all forest fires is often the main cause of forest fires.The author thinks that "forest fire prevention system" should be changed to "forest fire management system".Under the guidance of the legislative thought of taking ecological value as the value orientation, the author gives an analysis of the forest assets assessment and forest property registration system, the management of key forestry projects, the long-term plan of forestry and forest management, the system of forest land expropriation.The legal status of forestry workstation, the management system of forest public security, forest park management system, forest resource cultivation system, forest resource utilization system and forest certification system are sorted out and reconstructed.We will further improve the management and protection of forest ecosystems.
【學位授予單位】：中國政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D922.63;F326.2

【引證文獻】

相關期刊論文 前2條

1 黃軍輝;;淺析我國《森林法》中民事責任制度及其完善[J];法學雜志;2011年01期

2 馬建剛;;《森林法》修改應該厘清森林的法律概念[J];中南林業(yè)科技大學學報(社會科學版);2011年01期

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本文編號：1746451