發(fā)布時間：2018-03-25 18:25

  本文選題：節(jié)能減排　切入點：公眾參與　出處：《山東科技大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】：目前,我國節(jié)能減排任務(wù)艱巨,節(jié)能減排形勢依然嚴(yán)峻。面對節(jié)能減排的重任,世界各國努力采取多種手段和措施,比如政府行政手段、經(jīng)濟(jì)激勵手段以及其他手段等,來開展節(jié)能減排工作�？疾靽夤�(jié)能減排的做法,公眾參與是其中的重要手段之一。公眾參與節(jié)能減排是指公眾有權(quán)利參與到節(jié)能減排決策中、獲得節(jié)能減排相關(guān)的環(huán)境信息、監(jiān)督政府、企業(yè)、單位和個人的節(jié)能減排行為,以及在知情權(quán)、參與權(quán)和監(jiān)督權(quán)得不到保障時有權(quán)得到法律的救濟(jì)。借鑒國外經(jīng)驗并結(jié)合我國實際,我國節(jié)能減排公眾參與機(jī)制的構(gòu)建運用了行政手段、經(jīng)濟(jì)手段和法律手段,三種手段相互配合但又各有側(cè)重。 行政手段主要包括制定質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、制定排污標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、推行環(huán)境標(biāo)志制度、環(huán)境影響評價制度、三同時制度、限期治理制度等,緣于我國公眾對政府權(quán)威的崇拜、對政府的依賴性和一貫的服從心理,行政手段在我國節(jié)能減排工作中具有獨特優(yōu)勢。經(jīng)濟(jì)手段較行政手段更加靈活,經(jīng)濟(jì)手段激勵作用的本質(zhì)在于通過物質(zhì)利益誘惑調(diào)整各行為主體之間關(guān)系,調(diào)節(jié)行為主體的行為方式。發(fā)達(dá)國家在促進(jìn)公眾參與上多是采用稅收優(yōu)惠、財政補(bǔ)貼、抵押貸款、減排基金等手段,多種手段結(jié)合使用,收到了很好的節(jié)能減排效果。但我國現(xiàn)有的經(jīng)濟(jì)手段在促進(jìn)公眾參與上還存在諸多缺陷,比如手段單一、調(diào)控范圍窄、調(diào)控力度小、對于中小企業(yè)以及家庭、個人的節(jié)能減排行為關(guān)注不夠等,這些缺陷阻礙了經(jīng)濟(jì)手段發(fā)揮作用。另外,法律是對公眾參與最有效的保障,考察西方國家的公眾參與立法,環(huán)境法規(guī)完備,體系結(jié)構(gòu)完整。從憲法到單行法規(guī)對公眾參與都給予不同程度的規(guī)定,法律結(jié)構(gòu)涵蓋了信息權(quán)、參與權(quán)與救濟(jì)權(quán)三大方面的立法內(nèi)容。目前我國的立法體系對于節(jié)能減排的立法不多,對公眾參與的立法更是少的可憐,因此迫切需要法律.對公眾參與的程序、途徑、范圍等內(nèi)容以及公眾訴諸法律的權(quán)利作出詳細(xì)、具體、可操作的規(guī)定,從立法和司法上對公眾參與節(jié)能減排的行為給與保障。
[Abstract]:At present, the task of energy saving and emission reduction in our country is arduous, and the situation of energy saving and emission reduction is still grim. Facing the heavy task of energy saving and emission reduction, countries all over the world strive to adopt various means and measures, such as government administrative means, economic incentives and other means, etc. Public participation in energy conservation and emission reduction means that the public has the right to participate in the decision-making of energy conservation and emission reduction, and to obtain environmental information related to energy conservation and emission reduction. To supervise the actions of government, enterprises, units and individuals to save energy and reduce emissions, and to obtain legal relief when the right to know, participation and supervision are not guaranteed. The construction of public participation mechanism of energy saving and emission reduction in China uses administrative means, economic means and legal means. Administrative means mainly include formulating quality standards, formulating discharge standards, implementing environmental marking system, environmental impact assessment system, three simultaneous systems, and deadline control system, etc., due to the adoration of government authority by the public in our country. Relying on the government and consistently serving the mentality, administrative means have unique advantages in the work of energy conservation and emission reduction in China. Economic means are more flexible than administrative means. The essence of economic incentives is to adjust the relationship between the actors through the temptation of material interests, and to adjust the behavior of the actors. In promoting public participation, developed countries mostly adopt tax preferences, financial subsidies, mortgage loans. A combination of various means, such as the emission reduction fund, has received very good results in energy conservation and emission reduction. However, the existing economic means in China still have many shortcomings in promoting public participation, such as the single means, the narrow scope of regulation and control, and the small intensity of regulation and control. For small and medium-sized enterprises and families, the lack of attention to energy conservation and emission reduction by individuals hinders the role of economic instruments. In addition, the law is the most effective safeguard for public participation, examining public participation legislation in Western countries. Environmental laws and regulations are complete and the system is complete. From the Constitution to the separate regulations, the public participation is regulated to varying degrees, and the legal structure covers the right to information. At present, there is not much legislation on energy saving and emission reduction in the legislative system of our country, and the legislation on public participation is even less. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the law, the procedure and the way for public participation. The scope and the public's right of access to law provide detailed, specific and operational provisions to protect public participation in energy conservation and emission reduction in legislation and judicature.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D922.6

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本文編號：1664327