本文選題：流域　切入點(diǎn)：水污染防治法　出處：《中國海洋大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：為了治理流域水污染,中央政府和地方政府投入大量的人力物力,采取了一系列的治理措施,包括大量治理資金的投入,制定一系列政策法規(guī),但是效果不佳,水污染狀況仍在加劇。目前,涉及流域水污染防治的法律法規(guī)不可謂不多,但是實(shí)際上這些法律法規(guī)不能得到有效的貫徹執(zhí)行。法律規(guī)定流域水污染防治的主要責(zé)任在地方人民政府,一個流域內(nèi)的全部行政區(qū)劃單位,都有保護(hù)流域環(huán)境,執(zhí)行環(huán)境法的職責(zé)。但是,在目前行政分權(quán)的情況下,處于流域內(nèi)的行政區(qū)更多的是爭相從流域索取而怠于環(huán)境管理縱容排污,這是造成流域水污染防治法貫徹執(zhí)行不力的根本原因。筆者研究認(rèn)為,明晰流域內(nèi)行政區(qū)政府的責(zé)任,建立流域內(nèi)政府相互制衡的機(jī)制,可以提高地方政府貫徹執(zhí)行水污染防治法的動力,是治理流域水污染的有效方式。 以往學(xué)者們并沒有把制衡宣布為流域水污染防治法的一項(xiàng)基本原則,但制衡卻是流域水污染防治尤其是跨界水污染防治的應(yīng)有之義,并且流域水污染防治法自身的發(fā)展也越來越多地采用了制衡的手段。構(gòu)建流域內(nèi)政府間制衡機(jī)制,使流域內(nèi)地方政府基于不同的利益訴求和各種制約力量尋求流域整體利益和自身利益的平衡點(diǎn),提高流域水污染治理的效果是本文的研究目的。 本文首先對我國目前在水污染治理上的技術(shù)、法律等措施和防治效果欠佳的矛盾進(jìn)行考察,同時總結(jié)學(xué)者官員們對于水污染防治效果欠佳原因的分析。其次,以流域的整體性特征、流域水污染的整體性特征為出發(fā)點(diǎn),分析認(rèn)為我國目前水污染防治措施的分散性不能應(yīng)對這種整體性的要求。再次,對提高水污染防治的效能的常規(guī)方法和實(shí)踐效果進(jìn)行評價(jià),提出了一個新的思路,即政府間相互制衡的辦法,提高地方政府貫徹執(zhí)行水污染防治法的動力。最后,對制衡原則進(jìn)行了理論上的分析,提出了建立流域管理委員會以運(yùn)行制衡機(jī)制的設(shè)想。
[Abstract]:In order to control water pollution in the river basin, the central government and local governments have invested a great deal of manpower and material resources, and adopted a series of measures, including a large amount of capital investment, and formulated a series of policies and regulations, but the effect is not good. The water pollution situation is still worsening. At present, there are many laws and regulations concerning the prevention and control of water pollution in watersheds. However, in fact, these laws and regulations cannot be effectively implemented. The law stipulates that the primary responsibility for the prevention and control of water pollution in watersheds rests with the local people's governments and all administrative divisions in a watershed, all of which have the protection of the watershed environment. However, under the current situation of administrative decentralization, the administrative districts in the watershed are more likely to demand from the basin and indulge in the discharge of pollutants from the environmental management. This is the root cause of the weak implementation of the Water pollution Prevention and Control Law. The author believes that the responsibilities of the government of the administrative region in the basin should be clarified and the mechanism of checks and balances between the governments in the basin should be established. It can improve the power of the local government to carry out the water pollution prevention and control law, and is an effective way to control the water pollution in the river basin. In the past, scholars did not declare checks and balances as a basic principle of the Watershed Water pollution Prevention and Control Law, but checks and balances are the proper meaning of watershed water pollution prevention, especially transboundary water pollution control. Moreover, the development of the Watershed Water pollution Prevention and Control Law itself has adopted more and more checks and balances. It is the purpose of this paper to make the local government in the basin seek the balance point of the whole benefit and the self-interest of the basin based on different interest demands and various restricting forces, and improve the effect of water pollution control in the basin. This paper first investigates the contradiction between the technology, law and effect of water pollution control in our country, and summarizes the reasons for the poor water pollution prevention and control by scholars and officials. Secondly, Based on the characteristics of river basin integrity and river basin water pollution, it is concluded that the dispersion of water pollution prevention and control measures in China can not meet the requirements of such integrity. This paper evaluates the conventional methods and practical effects of improving the effectiveness of water pollution prevention and control, and puts forward a new way of thinking, that is, the method of checks and balances between governments, to enhance the impetus for local governments to carry out the water pollution prevention and control law. Finally, The principle of checks and balances is analyzed theoretically, and the idea of establishing a watershed management committee to run the check and balance mechanism is put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D922.68

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 王偉;渤海入海流域環(huán)境法制研究[D];中國海洋大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號：1652863