本文選題：煤層氣　切入點(diǎn)：法律問題　出處：《山西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 長期以來煤炭在中國能源消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)中占主導(dǎo)地位,是我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和國家繁榮的根本保障,而與煤炭資源伴生的煤層氣資源的勘探開發(fā)在上個(gè)世紀(jì)90年代才全面展開。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)我國煤層氣資源儲(chǔ)量豐富,總量達(dá)36.8萬億立方米,居世界第三位,相當(dāng)于近500億噸煤當(dāng)量,350億噸油當(dāng)量,與中國陸上已發(fā)現(xiàn)的天然氣資源相當(dāng)。在當(dāng)今中國煤炭資源嚴(yán)重緊缺的形勢下,煤層氣作為一種新型能源,其有效開發(fā)和利用就顯得更具戰(zhàn)略意義:首先它可作為替代煤炭使用的重要的清潔能源;再者它的有效利用可以大為降低甲烷的空排導(dǎo)致的溫室效應(yīng)并大大降低煤礦瓦斯事故。 目前我國對于煤層氣的開采利用尚處于無序狀態(tài),目前正在進(jìn)行的煤層氣開發(fā)受到了煤層氣開采權(quán)屬之爭的阻礙,急需相關(guān)制度和法律來規(guī)范各主體之間的矛盾沖突。而現(xiàn)有的關(guān)于煤層氣的行業(yè)法規(guī)不乏盲點(diǎn)和監(jiān)管的空白,主要表現(xiàn)在:在開發(fā)利用煤炭與煤層氣的過程中,沒有一套完整的合乎邏輯順序的制度來規(guī)范二者的開采,出現(xiàn)了煤炭、煤層氣兩權(quán)分置的現(xiàn)象,導(dǎo)致煤炭企業(yè)與煤層氣企業(yè)發(fā)生沖突,既影響了經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展又加劇了行業(yè)之間的矛盾。研究和制定煤層氣法律,可以把煤層氣的開發(fā)利用納入法制軌道,有利于實(shí)現(xiàn)對煤層氣的有效開發(fā)和對環(huán)境的保護(hù)。 我國在煤層氣開發(fā)利用方面已經(jīng)出臺(tái)了一些相關(guān)的法律法規(guī),這為我國煤層氣方面的進(jìn)一步立法提供了基礎(chǔ)。我國的煤層氣法律,應(yīng)當(dāng)建立在可持續(xù)發(fā)展和節(jié)能減排理論的基礎(chǔ)之上,從我國國情出發(fā),借鑒發(fā)達(dá)國家的成熟經(jīng)驗(yàn),合理分配開發(fā)、利用等相關(guān)主體的責(zé)任,使各個(gè)職能主體各司其責(zé)、協(xié)同合作,減少私采濫挖對環(huán)境造成的危害和對資源的浪費(fèi)。而這項(xiàng)工作的關(guān)鍵是構(gòu)建一系列具有可操作性的具體制度,本文在煤層氣開發(fā)利用原有法律的基礎(chǔ)上提出了確立煤層氣開發(fā)利用主體多元化制度、采煤采氣一體化制度、優(yōu)先權(quán)制度、強(qiáng)化政府監(jiān)管及開發(fā)利用主體的法律責(zé)任、重塑煤層氣開發(fā)利用過程中的政府地位、煤層氣立法過程引入環(huán)境影響評價(jià)機(jī)制及政策措施法律化等一系列觀點(diǎn)。通過構(gòu)建并完善煤層氣開發(fā)利用法律來解決該領(lǐng)域及相關(guān)領(lǐng)域中存在的現(xiàn)實(shí)問題,促進(jìn)煤層氣產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展壯大,大大降低煤炭瓦斯事故并進(jìn)而緩解我國的能源與環(huán)境危機(jī)。
[Abstract]:For a long time, coal has played a leading role in China's energy consumption structure, which is the fundamental guarantee for China's economic development and national prosperity. The exploration and development of coal bed methane associated with coal resources was carried out in -10s. According to statistics, China has abundant reserves of coal bed methane, with a total amount of 36.8 trillion cubic meters, ranking third in the world. It is equivalent to nearly 50 billion tons of coal equivalent and 35 billion tons of oil equivalent, which is equivalent to the natural gas resources already discovered on land in China. In the current situation of severe shortage of coal resources in China, coalbed methane is a new type of energy. Its effective development and utilization is of more strategic significance: first, it can be used as an important clean energy alternative to coal use; moreover, its effective utilization can greatly reduce the Greenhouse Effect caused by methane air emissions and greatly reduce coal mine gas accidents. At present, the exploitation and utilization of coalbed methane in our country is still in a state of disorder, and the current development of coalbed methane is hindered by the dispute over the ownership of coal-bed methane mining. There is an urgent need for relevant systems and laws to regulate the contradictions and conflicts between the various subjects. However, the existing industry laws and regulations on coalbed methane have blind spots and gaps in supervision, which are mainly manifested in: in the process of developing and utilizing coal and coalbed methane, Without a complete system of logical sequence to standardize the exploitation of the two, the phenomenon of coal and coalbed methane being separated has occurred, resulting in the conflict between coal enterprises and coal-bed methane enterprises. The study and formulation of the law of CBM can bring the exploitation and utilization of CBM into the legal orbit, which is conducive to the effective exploitation of CBM and the protection of the environment. China has issued some relevant laws and regulations in the development and utilization of CBM, which provides the basis for further legislation on CBM in China. It should be based on the theory of sustainable development and energy saving and emission reduction, proceed from the national conditions of our country, draw lessons from the mature experience of developed countries, rationally distribute the responsibilities of relevant subjects, such as development and utilization, so that each functional subject has its own responsibilities. To work together to reduce the harm to the environment and the waste of resources caused by illegal mining, and the key to this work is to build a series of operable and specific systems, On the basis of the existing laws on the exploitation and utilization of CBM, this paper puts forward the legal responsibility of establishing the pluralistic system of the subject of exploitation and utilization of CBM, the system of integration of coal mining and gas production, the system of priority, and the strengthening of government supervision and the subject of exploitation and utilization. Reshaping the role of government in the development and utilization of coalbed methane, The legislative process of CBM introduces a series of viewpoints, such as environmental impact assessment mechanism and the legalization of policy measures. By constructing and perfecting the law of exploitation and utilization of CBM, the practical problems in this field and related fields are solved. Promote the development of CBM industry, greatly reduce coal gas accidents and then alleviate the energy and environmental crisis in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：F426.21;D922.292;D922.6

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