本文關(guān)鍵詞：環(huán)境法領(lǐng)域利益沖突的識(shí)別與衡平，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

更新時(shí)間：2016 　來(lái)源： 關(guān)鍵字： 環(huán)境法領(lǐng)域利益沖突的識(shí)別與衡平

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作者簡(jiǎn)介：

李啟家，武漢大學(xué)法學(xué)院教授。

原文出處：

《法學(xué)評(píng)論》(武漢)2015年第20156期第134-140頁(yè)

內(nèi)容提要：

利益和利益沖突的解決是法學(xué)研究的基本范疇，環(huán)境法的研究也當(dāng)應(yīng)以利益和利益沖突的解決為主要任務(wù)。從社會(huì)發(fā)展的規(guī)律來(lái)看，，環(huán)境法領(lǐng)域的利益需求顯現(xiàn)為人的生存和發(fā)展的持續(xù)性需求，而利益沖突則表現(xiàn)為持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展科學(xué)進(jìn)步的利益需求與持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)的環(huán)境保護(hù)的利益需求之間的沖突。環(huán)境法領(lǐng)域的利益沖突實(shí)質(zhì)是正當(dāng)利益之間的沖突，本質(zhì)上是利益所儲(chǔ)存的價(jià)值發(fā)生了抵牾。因此，環(huán)境法領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的利益沖突的解決不能用排除的方法來(lái)解決，只能用價(jià)值“權(quán)衡”的方法來(lái)解決，是兩個(gè)正當(dāng)利益優(yōu)位性選擇的問(wèn)題，表現(xiàn)形式是基于可行條件和問(wèn)題的緊迫性的時(shí)空優(yōu)先順序的安排，并非對(duì)抗性的淘汰式選擇，應(yīng)當(dāng)奉行“統(tǒng)籌”、“兼顧”和“雙贏”的衡平理念。在環(huán)境法的利益識(shí)別和衡平功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)程中會(huì)發(fā)生公法與私法的競(jìng)合。不同于私法上“利益最大化”的法律理念，環(huán)境法應(yīng)堅(jiān)持一個(gè)最終底線(xiàn)原則，即把握損失的底線(xiàn)損失最小化。面對(duì)中國(guó)紛繁復(fù)雜的環(huán)境問(wèn)題和利益分配問(wèn)題，環(huán)境法衡平利益沖突是生態(tài)文明實(shí)踐智慧的一種現(xiàn)實(shí)展示。

Interests and resolvement of its conflicts is a basic category of jurisprudence,as well as of environmental law.From the perspective of social development rules,interest demand manifest as sustainable demand for survive and development of human beings in the environmental law field.Conflicts of interest are characterized by the conflict between increasing economic arid social development needs and increasing requirements of the environmental protection.Conflicts of interest in the field of environmental law is essentially a conflict between legitimate interests.Therefore the only way to solve conflicts of interests is to use the value method to balance the different interests,which is a selection problem and is based on the practical conditions and problems of space and time priority arrangement,but not to make confrontational choice.The concepts "plan as a whole","balance" and "win-win" should be observed.In the process of recognition and balancing,concurrence of public law and private law will happen.Different from "benefit maximization" in private law,environmental law should stick to a final bottom line principle,namely to grasp the bottom line-loss minimization.

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  本文關(guān)鍵詞：環(huán)境法領(lǐng)域利益沖突的識(shí)別與衡平，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。