本文關(guān)鍵詞： 礦產(chǎn)資源 優(yōu)勢礦產(chǎn)資源保障 資源立法 制度完善　出處：《中國政法大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：優(yōu)勢礦產(chǎn)資源是指在一國或地區(qū)主權(quán)范圍內(nèi),具備較大儲量和較高品質(zhì)的資源稟賦優(yōu)勢、產(chǎn)量和出口量占世界總產(chǎn)量和貿(mào)易量的較大比重、國際市場對其存在較高依存度的具有戰(zhàn)略意義的礦產(chǎn)資源。不同于戰(zhàn)略礦產(chǎn)和急缺礦產(chǎn),對優(yōu)勢礦產(chǎn)資源的界定主要是從經(jīng)濟(jì)利益角度進(jìn)行,并且更多的是從一國的資源稟賦比較優(yōu)勢以及該種礦產(chǎn)在國際貿(mào)易中所處的地位角度上著眼,而無論是戰(zhàn)略礦產(chǎn)還是急缺礦產(chǎn)都是站在國家安全的角度上討論的,只是程度不同而已。有鑒于優(yōu)勢礦產(chǎn)資源對國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要戰(zhàn)略意義,有必要對其進(jìn)行專門的立法保障。 公認(rèn)的我國優(yōu)勢礦產(chǎn)資源包括鎢、錫、銻、鉬和稀土。長期以來,我國優(yōu)勢礦產(chǎn)資源開發(fā)利用缺乏全國統(tǒng)一的規(guī)劃指導(dǎo),行業(yè)準(zhǔn)入門檻過低,產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)不合理,濫采亂挖、資源浪費現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重,開采技術(shù)落后,礦產(chǎn)品定價機(jī)制不合理,稟賦優(yōu)勢很難轉(zhuǎn)化為經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢。我國當(dāng)前的優(yōu)勢礦產(chǎn)資源法律規(guī)制體系主要以現(xiàn)行《礦產(chǎn)資源法》為主體,配套以大量的部門規(guī)章�，F(xiàn)行《礦產(chǎn)資源法》于上世紀(jì)80年代制定,90年代修改,在當(dāng)時計劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體制還處于主導(dǎo)地位的背景下,有許多法律條文具有明顯的局限性,已經(jīng)不再適應(yīng)我國發(fā)展社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的需要,亟需對其進(jìn)行修改與完善。我國礦政管理主體較多,各部門都依據(jù)本部門的情況分別制定了不同的管理優(yōu)勢礦業(yè)秩序的部門規(guī)章,導(dǎo)致法出多門,難以協(xié)調(diào),責(zé)權(quán)利劃分不夠清晰,部門權(quán)力重疊、沖突現(xiàn)象較為嚴(yán)重,礦業(yè)行政管理效率低下,難以達(dá)到法律規(guī)范制定的目的。同時,部門規(guī)章的效力層級較低,雖然其中一部分法律規(guī)范比較適應(yīng)我國當(dāng)前的管理需要,但由于上位法的滯后,導(dǎo)致了現(xiàn)實中法律適用上的不協(xié)調(diào),效果不彰。 因此,為完善我國優(yōu)勢礦產(chǎn)資源法律規(guī)制體系,需要對現(xiàn)行《礦產(chǎn)資源法》進(jìn)行修改,明確優(yōu)勢礦產(chǎn)資源的戰(zhàn)略地位,確立礦產(chǎn)資源可持續(xù)利用的原則并完善礦產(chǎn)資源有償使用制度。同時,要制定效力層級較高的統(tǒng)一的《優(yōu)勢礦產(chǎn)資源保護(hù)條例》,宣示立法的目的與任務(wù),確立保護(hù)和合理利用優(yōu)勢礦產(chǎn)資源的相關(guān)法律原則,建立科學(xué)合理的管理體制和具體的法律制度。最后,通過制定其他相關(guān)的配套法律文件,在科學(xué)發(fā)展觀、可持續(xù)發(fā)展理念的指引下,建立具有中國特色的社會主義和諧礦業(yè)秩序。
[Abstract]:Superior mineral resources refer to a country or region within the scope of sovereignty, with large reserves and higher quality of resource endowment advantage, production and export volume of the world's total output and trade a large proportion. The international market has a high degree of dependence on the existence of strategic mineral resources. Different from strategic minerals and desperate mineral resources, the definition of dominant mineral resources is mainly from the perspective of economic interests. And more from the comparative advantage of a country's natural resources and the status of the mineral in international trade. However, both strategic mineral resources and desperate mineral resources are discussed from the point of view of national security, only to a different extent, in view of the important strategic significance of superior mineral resources to the national economy. It is necessary to carry on the special legislation safeguard to it. The recognized dominant mineral resources in China include tungsten, tin, antimony, molybdenum and rare earths. For a long time, the development and utilization of China's dominant mineral resources lack of unified planning guidance, and the industry entry barriers are too low. The industrial structure is unreasonable, the mining is indiscriminate, the waste of resources is serious, the mining technology is backward, and the pricing mechanism of mineral products is unreasonable. Endowment advantage is difficult to be transformed into economic advantage. The main body of our country's current legal regulation system of superior mineral resources is "Mineral Resources Law". In -20s, the current "Mineral Resources Law" was formulated and revised in the 1990s. At that time, the planned economy system was still in the dominant position. There are many legal provisions with obvious limitations, no longer meet the needs of the development of socialist market economy in China, it needs to be revised and improved. According to the situation of this department, each department has made different departmental regulations of mining order of management advantage, which leads to many laws, difficult to coordinate, not clear division of responsibility and power, overlapping of departmental powers. The phenomenon of conflict is serious, the efficiency of mining administration is low, it is difficult to achieve the purpose of making laws and regulations. At the same time, the level of effectiveness of department regulations is low. Although some of the legal norms are more suitable for the current management needs of our country, the lag of the upper law leads to the disharmony of the application of the law in reality and the lack of the effect. Therefore, in order to perfect the legal regulation system of China's superior mineral resources, it is necessary to modify the current "Mineral Resources Law" and make clear the strategic position of superior mineral resources. We should establish the principle of sustainable utilization of mineral resources and perfect the system of compensated use of mineral resources. At the same time, we should formulate a unified "regulations on the Protection of dominant Mineral Resources" at a higher level of effectiveness, and declare the purpose and task of legislation. Establish the protection and rational use of the advantages of mineral resources of the relevant legal principles, establish a scientific and reasonable management system and specific legal system. Finally, through the formulation of other relevant supporting legal documents, in the scientific concept of development. Under the guidance of the concept of sustainable development, the socialist harmonious mining order with Chinese characteristics is established.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D922.66;F426.1

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