【摘要】：海上船舶油污污染已成為最嚴重的海洋環(huán)境污染之一。為了保護油污受害人的利益,維護各方利益的平衡,將強制責任保險制度引入海上油污賠償領域已經(jīng)成為國際社會的普遍做法。第三人直接請求權,作為油污強制責任保險制度的核心內(nèi)容,直接保障責任保險目的的實現(xiàn)。 本文以海上油污強制責任保險制度概述開篇,重點論述了油污強制責任保險制度的核心——第三人直接請求權的產(chǎn)生、法理依據(jù)以及制度價值,比較研究了1992年《國際油污損害民事責任公約》、2001年《國際燃油污染損害民事責任公約》以及美國1990年《油污法》關于油污強制責任保險第三人直接請求權的制度構建,并在第二章中進一步探討了第三人直接請求權的行使以及責任保險人所享有的抗辯權利。 在此基礎上,本文第三章分析了我國油污強制責任保險和第三人直接請求權制度的相關法律環(huán)境以及實施現(xiàn)狀,指出了相關立法的缺陷與不足,主要表現(xiàn)在:油污強制責任保險的立法分散混亂、位階較低、保險范圍規(guī)定不明確;第三人直接請求權僅在程序法中有籠統(tǒng)規(guī)定,而無實體法的依托。在第三人直接請求權國內(nèi)立法缺失的情況下,本文論述了1992年《國際油污損害民事責任公約》在我國國內(nèi)的直接適用問題,主要探討其能否成為國內(nèi)法院支持純國內(nèi)油污損害案件中第三人直接訴訟的判決依據(jù)。 最后,本文第四章結(jié)合最高人民法院于2010年12月1日公布的《關于審理船舶油污損害賠償糾紛案件若干問題的規(guī)定(征求意見稿)》的相關規(guī)定,提出了盡快建立和完善我國油污強制責任保險第三人直接請求權制度的建議。我國立法應當從實體法和程序法兩個層面對油污強制責任保險制度以及對第三人直接請求權的規(guī)定進行完善。
[Abstract]:Marine oil pollution has become one of the most serious marine environmental pollution. In order to protect the interests of the victims of oil pollution and maintain the balance of the interests of all parties, it has become a universal practice of the international community to introduce the compulsory liability insurance system into the field of marine oil pollution compensation. The third party's direct claim, as the core content of oil pollution compulsory liability insurance system, directly guarantees the realization of the purpose of liability insurance. This paper begins with an overview of the compulsory liability insurance system for marine oil pollution, focusing on the emergence, legal basis and system value of the third party's direct claim right, which is the core of the oil pollution compulsory liability insurance system. This paper makes a comparative study on the system construction of the International Convention on Civil liability for Oil pollution damage of 1992, the International Convention on Civil liability for Oil pollution damage of 2001 and the Oil pollution Act of 1990 of the United States concerning the right of direct claim of the third party to compulsory liability insurance for oil pollution. In the second chapter, the author further discusses the exercise of the third party's direct claim and the defense rights enjoyed by the liability insurer. On this basis, the third chapter of this paper analyzes the relevant legal environment and implementation status of China's oil pollution compulsory liability insurance and the third party's direct claim system, and points out the defects and shortcomings of the relevant legislation. The main performance is: the legislation of oil pollution compulsory liability insurance is scattered and confused, the rank is low, the scope of insurance is not clear; the third party's direct claim right has general stipulation only in the procedural law, but does not rely on the substantive law. In the absence of domestic legislation on the third party's right of direct claim, this paper discusses the direct application of the 1992 International Convention on Civil liability for Oil pollution damage in China. This paper mainly discusses whether it can be the judgment basis of the third party's direct action in the case of pure domestic oil pollution damage. Finally, the fourth chapter of this paper combined with the Supreme people's Court published on December 1, 2010, "on a number of issues concerning the trial of disputes over compensation for oil pollution damage from ships (draft for opinions)". Some suggestions are put forward to establish and perfect the system of direct claim of the third party in China's oil pollution compulsory liability insurance as soon as possible. The legislation of our country should perfect the system of compulsory liability insurance of oil pollution from two aspects of substantive law and procedural law as well as the stipulation of the third party's direct claim.
【學位授予單位】：華東政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D996.9;D922.294;D925

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本文編號：2181455