發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-11 21:49

  本文選題：中世紀(jì) + 法官　； 參考：《黑龍江大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 英國與法國,作為世界法律史上占據(jù)著重要席位的兩個(gè)國家,一個(gè)奉行有法官造法之名的普通法傳統(tǒng),另一個(gè)則實(shí)行議會(huì)立法、推出了近代最富影響力的《法國民法典》,但是卻湮沒了法官在公眾視線中的光環(huán),這種差異表現(xiàn)在當(dāng)今,成就了英國以司法中心主義的法治模式和法國以立法為中心的法治模式。究其原因,并不能在中世紀(jì)的早期找到答案。因?yàn)樵谥惺兰o(jì)早期,同是奉承日耳曼法律傳統(tǒng)的國家,英法兩國法官的工作方式和司法依據(jù)大致相同,所確立的形象和作用也幾無二致。只是在之后的歷史發(fā)展中才開始奠定了各自不同的口碑之基。 12--13世紀(jì)英格蘭的司法改革促進(jìn)了中央集權(quán)化的進(jìn)程、推動(dòng)了法官日益職業(yè)化,至13世紀(jì),產(chǎn)生了專門負(fù)責(zé)司法工作的職業(yè)法官,壟斷了司法審判權(quán),并且在實(shí)際工作當(dāng)中奠定了普通法的基礎(chǔ),實(shí)現(xiàn)了王國內(nèi)法律的統(tǒng)一。同時(shí),英國法官的司法獨(dú)立和法律至上的意識、過硬的法律素養(yǎng)和社會(huì)精英地位,在對抗王權(quán)的專制、保衛(wèi)國民的自由的過程中,發(fā)揮了巨大的作用,美譽(yù)加身,直接推動(dòng)了近代英國司法中心的法治模式形成;相比較來看,法國的法官在中世紀(jì)代表了特權(quán)等級的利益,手中除了掌握司法權(quán)力,還常常染指立法權(quán)并且插手行政管理事務(wù),甚至以阻礙政府采取有益革新的形象示人。法國法官的這種司法專橫給他招來如潮惡評,最后在大革命中被打擊和壓制,對近代法國立法中心法治模式的形成造成了種種逆反性影響。 本文旨在通過梳理英法兩國法官在中世紀(jì)晚期的良莠定位所系的特定的歷史背景,結(jié)合有關(guān)史實(shí),分析該司法角色在各自國家的法治進(jìn)程中發(fā)生作用的方式和影響。
[Abstract]:Britain and France, two countries with important seats in the history of world law, one followed the common law tradition in the name of judges and the other legislated in Parliament. The French Civil Code, the most influential one in modern times, was introduced, but it obliterated the aura of judges in the public eye. It has achieved the rule of law model of judicial centralism in Britain and the legislation-centered rule of law mode in France. The reason is that no answer can be found in the early Middle Ages. In the early Middle Ages, the same country flattered the Germanic legal tradition, the working methods and the judicial basis of the judges in Britain and France were roughly the same, and the image and function of the judges were almost the same. The judicial reform in England in the 12th and 13th centuries promoted the process of centralization of power, promoted the professionalization of judges, and became more professional in the 13th century. Professional judges specialized in judicial work were produced, monopolized judicial jurisdiction, and laid the foundation of common law in practical work, and realized the unification of the law in the king's country. At the same time, the British judges' sense of judicial independence and the supremacy of the law, excellent legal literacy and social elite status played a great role in the process of fighting against the autocracy of Wang Quan and defending the freedom of the people. In contrast, French judges represented the interests of privilege in the Middle Ages. In addition to holding judicial power, French judges often got involved in legislative power and administrative affairs. It is even presented as a hindrance to the government's adoption of useful innovations. The judicial arbitrariness of the French judge brought him a lot of bad comments and was finally attacked and suppressed during the Great Revolution, which caused various adverse effects on the formation of the rule of law model in the modern French legislative center. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the way and influence of the judicial role in the process of ruling by law in their respective countries by combing the specific historical background of the judges of Britain and France in the late Middle Ages and combining the relevant historical facts.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：黑龍江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D916.2;D956.1;D956.5

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號：2116435